THORIZON
Netherlands
Basics
Reactor Type
Molten Salt Reactor
Molten salt reactor
Primary heat transport: molten salt - often F compounds
Primary heat transport: molten salt - often F compounds
Reactor Description
Graphite moderated MSR
Electric Output (MWe)
40 - 120
Thermal Output (MWt)
100 - 300
Size
Small
'Small' size
Electric output of between 10 MWe and 100 MWe
Electric output of between 10 MWe and 100 MWe
Medium
'Medium' size
Electric output of between 100 MWe and 200 MWe
Electric output of between 100 MWe and 200 MWe
Spectrum
Thermal
Kinetic neutron energy of 0.000…0.025 eV
Slow or cold neutron / moderated neutron spectrum
Slow or cold neutron / moderated neutron spectrum
Fast
Kinetic neutron energy of 1…20 Mev
Kinetic energy of a not-moderated particle (neutron spectrum)
Kinetic energy of a not-moderated particle (neutron spectrum)
Developer
THORIZON
Pilot Site Details
Borssele NPP, Netherlands
Details
Use (goal of commercial operation)
power generation by burning of Pu stock
Deployment medium
Land-based
Design Lifetime (Years)
60
Fuel
Fuel class
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Thorium
Thorium (Th)
Naturally-occurring, slightly radioactive metal, three times more abundant than uranium
Naturally-occurring, slightly radioactive metal, three times more abundant than uranium
Fuel Type
Molten Salt
Fuel Cycle
Closed
Refuelling Cycle
N/A
Cooling & Temperature
Reactor cooling of primary loop
Molten Salt
Reactor moderator
Graphite
Crystalline allotrope of element carbon
Special quality characteristics as moderator
Special quality characteristics as moderator
Reactor Outlet Temperature (°C)
800
Status
Design status
Conceptual design
Licensing status
- 2025 - Target for licensing...
- 2025 - Target for licensing application
- 2024 - Preliminary licensing evaluation started
Deployment timeline
- 2025: Target for pilot site...
- 2025: Target for pilot site selection and basic design completion
- 2028-2030: Non-nuclear cartridge prototype operational
- 2030: Target to complete detailed design
- 2033: Target to deploy first plant
Agreements and Engagement
- Oct 2024 - Thorizon selected among nine...
- Oct 2024 - Thorizon selected among nine projects for support under EU SMR industrial alliance. Selection doesn’t mean funding but allows collaboration between SMR developers, regulators, and supply chain
- Sep 2024 - Dutch and French regulators announced cooperation on licensing
- Mar 2024 - Thorizon got €10m grant by France
- Feb 2024 - Thorizon signed partnership with Belgium's Tractebel
